細胞を立体的（3D）な構造の中で培養する方法で、従来の平面（2D）培養に比べて、生体内の組織や臓器に近い微小環境を再現できる技術です。細胞同士や細胞と細胞外マトリックス（ECM）との相互作用、酸素や栄養の勾配などが三次元的に再現されるため、より生理的な細胞の挙動、分化、薬物応答などを観察することができます。三次元培養は、がん研究、薬物スクリーニング、再生医療、組織工学など、さまざまな分野で重要性が高まってきています。

This is a method of culturing cells within a three-dimensional (3D) structure; compared to conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture, it is a technology capable of recreating a microenvironment that closely resembles that of tissues and organs within the body. Because interactions between cells and between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as gradients of oxygen and nutrients, are reproduced in three dimensions, it is possible to observe more physiologically relevant cellular behavior, differentiation, and drug responses. Three-dimensional culture is becoming increasingly important in various fields, including cancer research, drug screening, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering.