栄養拡散とは、濃度勾配に基づいて、栄養素が自然に高濃度から低濃度へと移動する現象です。栄養輸送は、拡散に加え、流れ（対流）や細胞の能動輸送機構も含めた広義の栄養供給プロセスを指します。細胞培養やバイオデバイス設計において、これらは細胞の生存・機能維持における中核的要素です。

Nutrient diffusion is the phenomenon in which nutrients naturally move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration based on a concentration gradient. Nutrient transport refers to the broader process of nutrient supply, which includes not only diffusion but also flow (convection) and active transport mechanisms within cells. In cell culture and bio-device design, these are core elements for maintaining cell viability and function.